Clone and Cloning

A clone is a molecule (DNA), cell, or organism that is genetically identical to its parental molecule, cell, or organism. There are three types of cloning. One method, gene cloning, utilizes copying fragments of DNA for easier manipulation and study. Another cloning method involves producing genetically identical animals through a process called twinning. The final cloning method involves producing an organism through a nuclear transfer of genetic material from adult cell into an egg. Although before the time of genetic engineering, people cloned plants by grafts and stem cuttings, cloning involving complex laboratory techniques is a relatively recent scientific advance that is at the forefront of modern biology. Cloning has many promising applications in medicine, industry, conservation, and basic research.