Gender in Art
Gender And Art History
Feminist art history is closely related with the feminist movement. One of the earliest themes of feminist art historians was that of the male gaze and its consequence on visual art. The early feminist art historians documented works of women's art and the perception of the woman in male art and defined the history and methodologies of feminist art. In 1972 the scholarly study Woman as Sex Object: Studies in Erotic Art, 1730–1970 was published by Thomas B. Hess and Linda Nochlin, the American art historian, introducing a feminist perspective to the field of art history and criticism. In the beginning of the 1980s, in Old Mistresses: Women, Art and Ideology, the British scholars Rozsika Parker and Griselda Pollock surveyed the place of women within the history of art. Subsequent feminist scholars such as Norma Broude and Mary D. Garrard have stated that feminist art history should not be confined to analysis of women artists alone and should not exclusively be the domain of female researchers. In the early 2000s, the focuses of gender studies in art history are gender identity, gender indistinctness, and cross-gender definitions as well as self-consciousness and perspectives on women looking at the other sex.
See also Aesthetics: Europe and the Americas; Gay Studies; Gender Studies: Anthropology; Humanity in the Arts; Men and Masculinity; Nude, The; Queer Theory; Sexuality: Overview; Women and Femininity in U.S. Popular Culture; Women's Studies.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Broude, Norma, and Mary D. Garrard. Feminism and Art History: Questioning the Litany. New York: Harper and Row, 1982.
——, eds. The Expanding Discourse: Feminism and Art History. New York: Icon HarperCollins, 1992.
Butters, Ronald R., John M. Clum, and Michael Moon, eds. Displacing Homophobia: Gay Male Perspectives in Literature and Culture. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1989.
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Edwards, Tim. Erotics and Politics: Gay Male Sexuality, Masculinity, and Feminism. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.
Garrard, Mary D. Artemisia Gentileschi: The Image of the Female Hero in Italian Baroque Art. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1989.
Hammond, Harmony. Lesbian Art in America: A Contemporary History. New York: Rizzoli, 2000.
Hess, Thomas B., and Linda Nochlin. Woman as Sex Object: Studies in Erotic Art, 1730–1970. New York: Newsweek, 1972.
Jacobs, Fredrika H. Defining the Renaissance Virtuosa: Women Artists and the Language of Art History and Criticism. Cambridge, U.K., and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Maclean, Ian. The Renaissance Notion of Woman: A Study in the Fortunes of Scholasticism and Medical Science in European Intellectual Life. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
Minton, Henry L. Gay and Lesbian Studies. New York: Haworth Press, 1992.
Parker, Rozsika, and Griselda Pollock. Old Mistresses: Women, Art, and Ideology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981.
Perry, Gill, ed. Gender and Art. New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale University Press, 1999.
Russell, H. Diane, and Bernadine Barnes. Eva/Ave: Woman in Renaissance and Baroque Prints. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art/Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1990.
Tinagli, Paolo. Women in Italian Renaissance Art: Gender, Representation, and Identity. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1997.
Anat Gilboa
Additional topics
Science EncyclopediaScience & Philosophy: Gastrula to Glow dischargeGender in Art - From Antique Through Classical Art, Middle Ages, The Renaissance And The Baroque, Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries