Race and Racism in Europe

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Bernasconi, Robert, and Tommy L. Lott, eds. The Idea of Race. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2000.

Burleigh, Michael, and Wolfgang Wippermann. The Racial State: Germany, 1933–1945. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Chamberlain, Houston Stewart. Foundations of the Nineteenth Century. New York: Fertig, 1968.

Count, Earl W., ed. This Is Race: An Anthology Selected from the International Literature on the Races of Man. New York: Shuman, 1950.

Dikötter, Frank. "Race Culture: Recent Perspectives on the History of Eugenics." American Historical Review 103, no. 2 (April 1998): 467–478.

Fredrickson, George M. Racism: A Short History. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002.

Gobineau, Arthur. The Inequality of Human Races. New York: Fertig, 1999.

Hannaford, Ivan. Race: The History of an Idea in the West. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996.

Mosse, George. Toward the Final Solution: A History of European Racism. New York: Fertig, 1985.

Pick, Daniel. Faces of Degeneration: A European Disorder. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Stepan, Nancy. The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1991.

——. The Idea of Race in Science: Great Britain, 1800–1960. Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1982.

Weitz, Eric D. "Racial Politics Without the Concept of Race: Reevaluating Soviet Ethnic and National Purges." Slavic Review 61, no. 1 (spring 2002): 1–29.

Yerushalmi, Yosef. Assimilation and Racial Anti-Semitism: The Iberian and the German Models. New York: Leo Baeck Institute, 1982. Lecture no. 26.