Gender - Overview - New Directions
university press boy bullough
In terms of research into sex and gender, the 1990s saw a shift in emphasis from societal factors, cultural molding, and nurture to physiological factors. Much of this research concentrated on the brain and on intrauterine developments. Boy babies as a group, for example, are more likely to spend more time looking at mechanical objects than do baby girls, who look longer at a human face. But there is also a tremendous amount of overlap and wide variation among individuals, and how society deals with this overlap is more a political and economic question than one science or social science can determine.
See also Feminism: Overview; Sexuality: Overview.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Baron-Cohen, Simon. The Essential Difference: The Truth about the Male and Female Brain. New York: Perseus, 2003.
Bullough, Vern L. Science in the Bedroom: A History of Sex Research. New York: Basic Books, 1994.
Bullough, Vern L., and Bonnie Bullough. Cross Dressing, Sex, and Gender. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.
Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl. New York: HarperCollins, 2000.
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Diamond, Milton. "A Critical Evaluation of the Ontogeny of Human Sexual Behavior." Quarterly Review of Biology 40 (1965): 147–175.
——. "Human Sexual Development: Biological Foundations for Social Development." Human Sexuality in Four Perspectives, edited by Frank A. Beach. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977.
Garber, Marjorie. Vested Interests: Cross-Dressing and Cultural Anxiety. New York: Routledge, 1992.
Green, Richard. The "Sissy Boy Syndrome" and the Development of Homosexuality. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
Jones, Steven. Y: The Descent of Men. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004.
Money, John. "Hermaphroditism, Gender, and Precocity in Hyper-Andrenocorticism: Psychologic Findings." Bulletin of Johns Hopkins Hospital 96 (1955): 253–254.
Money, John, and Anke A. Ehrhardt. Man & Woman, Boy & Girl. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972.
Thorne, Barrie. Girls and Boys in School: Together or Separate. Reprint, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1993.
Vern L. Bullough
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