3 minute read

Equality

OverviewConclusion



For political thinkers concerned with what constitutes good democratic politics, concentrations of power are sources of concern wherever they are found. This is especially the case when these concentrations of power threaten the basic democratic notion that citizens should have a meaningful capacity to govern themselves and participate on a roughly equal basis with other citizens in their collective self-governance. In thinking about what constitutes a good democratic politics we need to recognize the inherent contestability of the very concept of equality and that equality is one value among many (albeit a very important value to democracy). Democracy, by its very nature, requires that no conception of the nature of equality can be taken off the table of political discourse and debate. Furthermore, no single conception should always prevail in democratic deliberations or it risks the commitment of citizens who do not share the dominant conception of the democratic project. It is in fact the rich contestation over equality and its relation to other political values that helps ensure that new forms of domination cannot creep unnoticed into democratic polities.



BIBLIOGRAPHY

Appleby, Joyce. Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 1790s. New York: New York University Press, 1984.

——. Liberalism and Republicanism in the Historical Imagination. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992.

Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologiae. 3 vols. Translated by the Fathers of the English Dominican Province. New York: Benzinger Bros., 1948.

Arendt, Hannah. On Revolution. New York: Viking, 1963.

Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett, 1999.

——. Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

Bercovitch, Sacvan. "The Rites of Assent: Rhetoric, Ritual, and the Ideology of American Consensus." In The American Self: Myth, Ideology, and Popular Culture, edited by Sam B. Girgus, 5–42. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1981.

Brown, Wendy. States of Injury: Power and Freedom in Late Modernity. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1995.

hooks, bell. Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. Boston: South End Press, 1984.

Jefferson, Thomas. The Portable Thomas Jefferson. Edited by Merrill D. Peterson. New York: Viking, 1977.

Kant, Immanuel. "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals." In his Practical Philosophy, translated and edited by Mary J. Gregor, 37–60. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Kymlicka, Will. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Lindblom, Charles. "The Market as Prison." Journal of Politics 44 (1982).

——. Politics and Markets. New York: Basic Books, 1977.

Locke, John. Second Treatise on Government. Edited by C. B. Macpherson. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1980.

Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. The Marx-Engels Reader. 2nd ed. Edited by Robert C. Tucker. New York: Norton, 1978.

Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. Edited by Elizabeth Rapaport. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1978.

——. The Subjection of Women. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 1997.

Ober, Josiah. The Athenian Revolution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996.

——. Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1989.

Rae, Douglas, et al. Equalities. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981.

Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Rev. ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. "A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality." In his The Social Contract and Discourses, translated by G. D. H. Cole. New ed. London: Dent, 1993.

Schneir, Miriam, ed. Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings. New York: Vintage, 1994.

St. John de Crèvecoeur, J. Hector. Letters from an American Farmer. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, n.d.

Terchek, Ronald J. Republican Paradoxes and Liberal Anxieties. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997.

Terchek, Ronald J., and David K. Moore. "Recovering the Political Aristotle: A Critical Response to Smith." American Political Science Review 94, no. 4 (December 2000): 905–911.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. Translated by George Lawrence. New York: Harper and Row, 1969.

Walzer, Michael. Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality. New York: Basic Books, 1983.

Alexandra Kogl

David K. Moore

Additional topics

Science EncyclopediaScience & Philosophy: Ephemeris to Evolution - Historical BackgroundEquality - Overview - Ancient Views Of Equality, Equality In The Church And The Protestant Reformation, Liberalism, Civic Republicanism, And The Age Of Revolution