Education in Japan

Adolphson, Mikael S. The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers, and Warriors in Premodern Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, 2000.

Beauchamp, Edward R., ed. Dimensions of Contemporary Japan: A Collection of Essays. New York: Garland, 1998.

Beauchamp, Edward R., and Richard Rubinger. Education in Japan: A Source Book. New York: Garland, 1989. Excellent bibliographical survey.

Borgen, Robert. Sugawara no Michizane and the Early Heian Court. Cambridge, Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1986. See for a discussion of the daigakuryo.

Hood, Christopher P. Japanese Education Reform: Nakasone's Legacy. London and New York: Routledge, 2001.

Kassel, Marleen. Tokugawa Confucian Education: The Kangien Academy of Hirose Tanso (1782–1856). Albany: SUNY Press, 1996.

Lincicome, Mark E. Principle, Praxis, and the Politics of Educational Reform in Meiji Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1995.

Najita, Tetsuo. Visions of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan: The Kaitokudô Merchant Academy of Osaka. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

Najita, Tetsuo, and Irwin Scheiner, eds. Japanese Thought in the Tokugawa Period, 1600–1868: Methods and Metaphors. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.