The term Pan-Turkism refers to an intellectual and political movement advocating the union of all Turkic peoples. Although some promoters of this ideology went as far as calling for a political union including all Turkic groups, many others envisioned only a cultural unity.
European works such as Joseph de Guignes's Histoire générale des Huns, des Turcs, des Mogols, et des autres Tartares occidentaux, &c. avant et depuis Jésus-Christ jusqu'à present (Paris, 1756–1758) and Arthur Lumley David's A Grammar of the Turkish Language with a Preliminary Discourse on the Language and Literature of the Turkish Nations (Lo…
Despite the emergence of a national consciousness among the Turks living in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkic peoples of the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Iran, and a strong focus on their common origins, no intellectual or politician openly promoted unification of the Turkic groups until 1904. In an essay published in 1881 Gaspirali İsmail (Isma'il Bey Gasprinskii) debated the reasons …
The Young Turk Revolution of 1908 brought the Committee of Union and Progress to power in the Ottoman Empire. Many Turkic intellectuals participated in its policy-making bodies along with Turkist intellectuals. The committee supported the establishment of various organizations such as the Türk Ocaği (Turkish Hearth) (established in 1912), and it published journals such as Türk Yurd…
Both the Soviets and the Turkish Republic, which was established in 1923, officially shunned Pan-Turkism and considered it a harmful form of adventurism. This view continued to be the official Soviet position on Pan-Turkism until the end of the Soviet Union. In Turkey, however, various Pan-Turkist groups were allowed to publish journals beginning in 1931. They were nevertheless closely scrutinized…
Akçuraoğlu, Yusuf. Türk Yili, 1928. Istanbul: Yeni Matbaa, 1928. Ali Suavi. Hive. Paris: n.p., 1873. Arai, Masami. Turkish Nationalism in the Young Turk Era. Leiden: Brill, 1992. Cohen, M. Türkismus und Panturkismus. Weimar, Germany: G. Kiepenheuer, 1915. Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902–1908. New York: Oxford…
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