Ballistics - Free-falling Bodies, Projectile Motion Without Air Resistance, Projectile Motion With Air Resistance
path study projected flight
Ballistics is the study of projectile motion. A projectile is an object that has been launched, shot, hurled, thrown, or by other means projected, and continues in motion due to its own inertia. The path of the projectile is determined by its initial velocity (direction and speed) and the forces of gravity and air resistance. For objects projected close to Earth and with negligible air resistance, the flight path is a parabola. When air resistance is significant, however, the shape and rotation of the object are important and determining the flight path is more complicated. Ballistics influences many fields of study ranging from analyzing a curve ball to developing missile guidance systems.
Additional Topics
In order to understand projectile motion it is first necessary to understand the motion of free-falling bod ies—objects that are simply dropped from a certain height above Earth. For the simplest case, when air resistance is negligible and when objects are close to the earth's surface, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was able to show that two objects fall the same distance in the same am…
The motion of projectiles without air resistance, can be separated into two components. Motion in the vertical direction where the force of gravity is present, and horizontal motion where the force of gravity is zero. As Isaac Newton (1642-1727) proposed, an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force. Therefore, a projectile in motion will remain with the same ho…
If projectiles were only launched from the surface of the moon where there is no atmosphere, then the effects of gravity, as described in the previous section, would be sufficient to determine the flight path. On Earth, however, the atmosphere will influence the motion of projectiles. As opposed to the situation due to purely gravitational effects, projectile motion with air resistance will be dep…
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