Steady-State Theory - Cosmological Assumptions, Evolution Of The Universe, Expansion Of The Universe, Cosmic Background Radiation, Steady-state Theory - Cosmological observations
existed hydrogen creation atoms
Was there a moment of creation for the universe, or has the universe always existed? The steady-state theory is a cosmological theory for the origin of the universe that suggests the universe has always existed and did not have a moment of creation. This theory was popular during the 1950s and 1960s, but because of observations made during the 1960s, few, if any, astronomers now think that the steady-state theory is correct. The basic tenet of the steady-state theory is that the universe on a large scale does not change with time (evolve). It has always existed and will always continue to exist looking much as it does now. The universe is, however, known to be expanding. To allow for this expansion in an unchanging universe, the authors of the steady-state theory postulated that hydrogen atoms appeared out of empty space. These newly created hydrogen atoms were just enough to fill in the gaps caused by the expansion. Because hydrogen is continuously being created, the steady-state theory is sometimes called the continuous creation theory. This theory achieved great popularity for a couple of decades, but mounting observational evidence caused its demise in the late 1960s. The discovery in 1965 of the cosmic background radiation provided one of the most serious blows to the steady-state theory.
There are a number of observations that astronomers have made to test cosmological theories, including both the steady-state and the big bang theory. Some of these cosmological observations are described below.
Additional Topics
The steady-state model is based on a set of four assumptions collectively known as the perfect cosmological principle. The first assumption is that physical laws are universal. Any science experiment, if performed under identical conditions, will have the same result anywhere in the universe because physical laws are the same everywhere in the universe. Second, on a sufficiently large scale the un…
When we look at the most distant objects in the universe, we are looking back in time. For example if we observe a quasar that is three billion light years away, it has taken the light three billion years to get here, because a light year is the distance light travels in one year. We are therefore seeing the quasar as it looked three billion years ago. Quasars, the most distant objects known in th…
In his work measuring distances to galaxies, Edwin Hubble, after whom the Hubble space telescope was named, noticed an interesting correlation. The more distant a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us. This relationship is called the Hubble law. This relationship can be used to find the distances to additional galaxies, by measuring the speed of recession. More importantly, Hubble deduce…
In the mid 1960s, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson were working on a low noise (static) microwave antenna when they made an accidental discovery of cosmic significance. After doing everything possible to eliminate sources of noise, including cleaning out nesting pigeons and their waste, there was still a small noise component left. This weak noise did not vary with direction or with the time of day …
The steady-state theory was inspired at least in part by a 1940s movie entitled Dead of Night. The movie had four parts and a circular structure such that at the end the movie was the same as at the beginning. After seeing this movie in 1946, Thomas Gold, Hermann Bondi, and Fred Hoyle wondered if the universe might not be constructed the same way. The discussion that followed led ultimately to the…
There are a number of problems with the steady-state theory, but at the time the theory was proposed, there were also points in its favor. The steady-state theory rests on the foundation of the perfect cosmological principle. Hence, any evidence that the universe evolves is evidence against the steady-state theory. The existence of quasars and the change in the expansion rate of the universe a few…
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User Comments
10 months ago
Ash
I beleive In God
about 2 years ago
MrBott
The Steady State theory says the universe started out small, almost no mass, then grew to what the universe is today. This can be easily understood when inserting gravity or an initial static charge to the equation, see electric universe. After g is added the equation grows exponentially, see fractal universe. Gravity defies the law of conservation when added as the work force in the formula for thermodynamics. Eternity is a long time, one hand clap. Gravity adds extra energy to mass via heat as it squeezes upon itself. Then energy transforms into matter, 90° of an electromagnetic front, see pair production. Thus explaining why the universe is expanding and accelerating. This shows the Steady State theory to be correct after all. When a well established theory is found to be incorrect then all the other theories should be examined once again to see what fits the new found data, like the accelerating galaxies that was observed and the big bang did not account for. Instead the BB theory was changed. The Steady State was still not considered even though it predicted the accelerating galaxies when the BB did not. In my opinion, I believe the Steady State theory was on the right path.
5 days ago
I had got a desire to make my commerce, but I didn't earn enough amount of cash to do that. Thank heaven my dude said to take the loan. So I received the commercial loan and made real my dream.
7 months ago
Yur i
By analysing the zCosmos deep field galactic survey, I find the the galactic density is constant over time. This is in favor of the steady state theory; however, I believe that both the steady state and big bang theory are not mutually exclusive. The difference in my model lies in the cosmic inflation period. The paper is available online: http://www.calameo.com/books/00014533338c183febd92
almost 4 years ago
Hmmmm, Where has it been decided that "The universe is, however, known to be expanding."
We see an expansion of something, who says it is the whole universe expanding and not just some other common event that occures in the natural universe.
over 4 years ago
You idea that we accept the "Big Bang" theory due to men being obsessed with explosions is flawed. Hoyle (of the Steady State theory) actually came up with the term to ridicule the rapid expansion theory thatg we now still call the Big Bang. The Big Bang has nothing to do with explosions and everything to do with rapid expansion. The proof of this was found in the cosmic background radiation.
over 4 years ago
The "big bang" concept is totally devoid
of any commonsense.
The male of the species has always, and still are, obsessed with explosions.So it comes as no surprise to find how popular this concept has become.
It would be useful to ask only women what they thought is most plausible of the theories.
The only astronomical theory conceived on this Earth,that is absolutely beyond question,
is the notion that the Universe is teeming with civilizations.
Remarkably, the academic scholars
have been the last people to have reached this obvious conclusion.
To speed up the process of learning,
the non-academic community should be asking each other questions about the science of the Universe, and give these scholars a chance to catch up with the rest of us.