Cyclosporine

Cyclosporine can be taken either orally or by intravenous injection. While the injection reduces the amount of a dose by two-thirds, it can also produce side effects like kidney damage and other neural disturbances. As an oral preparation, it can be taken mixed with other liquids or in capsules. It is most effective when taken with a meal, since the digestive process moves it toward the smaller intestine, where it is absorbed.

In order to prevent rejection, many doses of cyclosporine have to be taken, usually starting with high dosages and then reducing them over time. The size of the dose is determined by the weight of the individual. Dosages also vary from one individual to another depending on the patient's ability to withstand organ rejection. Frequent blood tests are done on the patient to monitor all the factors that go into successful drug therapy.

Another problem for transplant patients is the cost of cyclosporine; a year's supply can cost as much as $6,000. Although medical insurance and special government funds are available to pick up the cost of this drug, the expense of the medication still poses a problem for many transplant patients.