Poverty

PRIMARY SOURCES

Aquinas, St. Thomas. Summa contra gentiles. 1259–1264. Vol. 3. Translated by the English Dominican Fathers. London: Burns, Oates, and Washbourne, 1928.

Aristotle. The Ethics of Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by J. A. K. Thompson. Harmondsworth, U.K., and New York: Penguin, 1976.

——. Politics. Translated by C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1998.

Furniss, Edgar S. The Position of the Laborer in a System of Nationalism: A Study in the Labor Theories of the Later English Mercantilists. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1920.

Hayek, F. A. Law, Legislation and Liberty: A New Statement of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Political Economy. 3 vols. in 1. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1982.

Hegel, G. Philosophy of Right. 1821. Translated by H. B. Nisbet. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Hume, David. "Of National Characters" (1748) and "Of Refinement of Arts" (1752). In Essays: Moral, Political, and Literary, edited by Eugene F. Miller. Rev. ed. Indianapolis: Liberty, 1987.

Knemeyer, Franz-Ludwig. "Polizei." Economy and Society 9 (1980): 172–196.

Machiavelli, Niccolò. Discourses on Livy. 1531. Translated by L. Walker. Rev. by B. Richardson. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1974.

Mandeville, Bernard. The Fable of the Bees; or, Private Vices, Publick Benefits. 1732. Edited by F. B. Kaye. Indianapolis: Liberty, 1988.

Marx, Karl. "Critical Notes on 'The King of Prussia and Social Reform.'" 1844. In Early Writings, translated by Rodney Livingstone and Gregor Benton. New York: Vintage, 1975.

——. "Critique of the Gotha Programme." 1875. In The Marx-Engels Reader, edited by Robert C. Tucker. 2nd ed., New York: Norton, 1978.

Perkins, Williams. Three Books of Cases of Conscience. In his Works. Cambridge: John Legate, 1612.

——. Treatise of the Vocations (1597-1601). In his Works. Cambridge: John Legate, 1612.

Rowntree, B. Seebohm. Poverty: A Study of Town Life. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan, 1902.

Sahlins, Marshall. Stone Age Economics. London: Tavistock, 1974.

Sen, Amartya. "Poor: Relatively Speaking." Oxford Economic Papers 35 (1983): 153–169.

Sidney, A. Discourses concerning Government. 1698. Edited by T. West. Indianapolis: Liberty, 1988.

Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. 1776. Edited by R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.

Tierney, Brian. Medieval Poor Law: A Sketch of Canonical Theory and Its Application in England. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959.

Townsend, Peter. Poverty in the United Kingdom: A Survey of Household Resources and Standards of Living. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.

Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the "Spirit" of Capitalism and Other Writings. Translated and edited by Peter Baehr and Gordon C. Wells. New York: Penguin, 2002.

SECONDARY SOURCES

Berry, Christopher J. The Idea of Luxury: A Conceptual and Historical Investigation. Cambridge, U.K., and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Covers episodically issues and debates from the Greeks to the present day.

Himmelfarb, Gertrude. The Idea of Poverty: England in the Early Industrial Age. New York: Knopf, 1984. Contentiously reviews orthodox interpretations.

Sen, Amartya. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. A modern perspective by a Nobel prize winner in economics.

Wood, Diana. Medieval Economic Thought. Cambridge, U.K., and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. A useful overview.