Medicine in Europe and the United States

Ackerknecht, Erwin H. A Short History of Medicine. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982. Whiggish and opinionated; students like its brevity.

Bonner, Thomas Neville. Becoming a Physician: Medical Education in Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, 1750–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Bynum, W. F. Science and the Practice of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1994. An essential book on the nineteenth century.

Canguilhem, Georges. The Normal and the Pathological. Translated by Carolyn R. Fawcett. New York: Zone Books, 1991. Published in French, 1996.

Cantor, David, ed. Reinventing Hippocrates. Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate, 2002.

Conrad, Lawrence I., et al. The Western Medical Tradition, 800 B.C. to 1800 A.D. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Dally, Ann. Women under the Knife: A History of Surgery. New York: Routledge, 1992.

Debus, Allen. The French Paracelsians: The Chemical Challenge to Medical and Scientific Tradition in Early Modern France. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Evans, Richard J. Death in Hamburg: Society and Politics in the Cholera Years, 1830–1910. Oxford: Clarendon, 1987.

Foucault, Michel. The Birth of the Clinic: An Archeology of Medical Perception. Translated by A. M. Sheridan Smith. London: Tavistock, 1973. Published in French, 1963.

Gay, Peter. Freud: A Life for Our Time. New York: Norton, 1988.

Geison, Gerald L. The Private Science of Louis Pasteur. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1995.

Gelfand, Toby. Professionalizing Modern Medicine: Paris Surgeons and Medical Science and Institutions in the Eighteenth Century. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1980.

Goldstein, Jan E. Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.

Hannaway, Caroline, and Ann La Berge, eds. Constructing Paris Medicine. Atlanta: Rodopi, 1999.

Kevles, Bettyann Holtzmann. Naked to the Bone: Medical Imaging in the Twentieth Century. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1997.

Kiple, Kenneth F., ed. The Cambridge World History of Human Disease. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Lesky, Erna. The Vienna Medical School of the Nineteenth Century. Translated by L. Williams and I. S. Levij. Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.

Nutton, Vivian. "Roman Medicine, 250 BC to AD 200." In The Western Medical Tradition, 800 BC to AD 1800, by Lawrence I. Conrad et al., 39–70. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Payer, Lynn. Medicine and Culture: Varieties of Treatment in the United States, England, West Germany, and France. New York: Holt, 1996. Amusing and incisive analysis of the cultural foibles of medicine.

Porter, Roy. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. New York: W. W. Norton, 1998. For a survey of the field.

Ramsey, Matthew. Professional and Popular Medicine in France, 1770–1830: The Social World of Medical Practice. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Risse, Guenter B. Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Romain, Jules. Knock ou la triomphe de la médecine. Paris: n.p., 1924. This play (1923), made famous by Louis Jouvet in the role of Knock, enjoyed a revival on the Paris stage in the early 2000s with Fabrice Lucchini as Knock.

Weiner, Dora B. The Citizen-Patient in Revolutionary and Imperial Paris. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

Harry W. Paul